Ama-nucleosides, amabhlogo wokwakha ama-nucleic acid (DNA ne-RNA), adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo nokudluliswa. Ngenkathi okujwayelekile kwe-nucleosides-i-adenine, i-guanine, i-cytosine, i-thymine, ne-uracil - yaziwa kahle, yi-nucleosides eguquliwe evame ukwengeza ungqimba lobunzima nokusebenza ezinhlelweni zemvelo.
Yini ama-nucleosides aguquliwe?
I-nucleosides eguquliwe yi-nucleotides eye yashintshana ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwisisekelo sabo, ushukela, noma iqembu le-phosphate. Lokhu kulungiswa kungaguqula izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ze-nucleotide, kuholele ukusebenzisana kwayo namanye ama-molecule kanye nokuthonya ukwakheka kanye nomsebenzi we-nucleic acid.
Izinhlobo zokuguqulwa kanye nemisebenzi yazo
Ukuguqulwa kwesisekelo: Lokhu kubandakanya ushintsho esisekelweni se-nitrogenous se-nucleotide. Izibonelo zifaka i-methylation, i-acetylation, kanye ne-glycosyltation. Ukulungiswa kwesisekelo kungathinta:
Ukuqina: Izisekelo eziguquliwe zingakhulisa ukuqina kwama-nucleic acid, zivikele ekuwohlokeni.
Ukuqashelwa: Izisekelo eziguquliwe zingasebenza njengezingosi zokuqashelwa kwamaprotheni, izinqubo ezithonya afana ne-RNA splicing kanye ne-protein synthesis.
Umsebenzi: Izisekelo eziguquliwe zingaguqula umsebenzi wama-nucleic acid, njengoba kubonwe ku-TRNA naseRRna.
Ukulungiswa koshukela: Ukuguqulwa kwe-Ribose noma ushukela we-deoxyrbose kungathinta i-conformation nokuqina kwe-nucleic acid. Ukuguqulwa koshukela okujwayelekile kufaka i-methylation ne-pseudourdidIvation.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-phosphate: Izinguquko eziya e-Phosphate Backbone zingathonya ukuzinza nokuguquguquka kwe-nucleic acid. I-methylation yamaqembu we-phosphate ukuguqulwa okuvamile.
Izindima ze-nucleosides eziguquliwe ezinhlelweni zemvelo
Ukuqina kwe-RNA: I-nucleosides eguquliwe ifaka isandla ekuqineni kwama-molekyuli e-RNA, abavikele ekuwohlokeni.
I-Protein Synthesis: I-nucleosides eguquliwe ku-TRNA idlala indima ebalulekile ku-protein synthesis ngokusebenzisana kwe-codon-anticodon.
Ukulawulwa kweGene: Ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA ne-RNA kungalawula ukuvezwa kofuzo ngokuthinta umbhalo, ukuhlukanisa, nokuhumusha.
Ukuphindaphinda kwegciwane: Amagciwane amaningi aguqula ama-acid awo we-nucleic ukugwema amasosha omphakathi.
Isifo: Ukushintshwa kwamaphethini we-nucleoside aguquliwe kuhlobene nezifo ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nomdlavuza.
Izicelo ze-nucleosides eziguquliwe
Ama-ejenti wezokwelapha: Kusetshenziswa ama-nucleosides aguquliwe ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa ezi-antiviral ne-anticancer.
I-Biomakers: I-nucleosides eguquliwe ingasebenza njenge-biomasker yezifo, ukuhlinzeka ngokuqonda ngezimo zezifo.
I-Synthetic Biology: Kusetshenziselwa i-nucleosides eguquliwe ukudala ama-nuctheic acid zokwenziwa ngezindawo zeveli.
I-Nanotechnology: I-nucleosides eguquliwe ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-nanostructor wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
Ukugcina
I-nucleosides eguquliwe iyizakhi ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zemvelo, zidlala izindima ezahlukahlukene e-gene expression, umthethonqubo kanye nezinqubo zeselula. Izakhiwo zazo ezihlukile zizenze zibenze amathuluzi abalulekile kwi-biotechnology, umuthi, ne-nanotechnology. Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu la ma-molecule kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, singalindela ukubona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ngokwengeziwe.
Isikhathi Seposi: Jul-31-2024