Isingeniso
Ama-nucleosides, amabhlogo wokwakha ama-nucleic acid (i-DNA ne-RNA), adlala indima ebalulekile kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ngokulungisa la ma-molecule, ososayensi baye bavula inqwaba yezinto ezingase zisetshenziswe ocwaningweni nakwezokwelapha. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zeama-nucleosides ashintshiwe.
Iqhaza Le-Nucleosides Eguquliwe
Ama-nucleosides ashintshiwe akhiwa ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwama-nucleoside emvelo, njenge-adenosine, i-guanosine, i-cytidine, ne-uridine. Lezi zinguquko zingabandakanya izinguquko kusisekelo, ushukela, noma kokubili. Isakhiwo esishintshiwe singadlulisela izakhiwo ezintsha ku-nucleoside eguquliwe, iyenze ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile
Ukutholwa Kwezidakamizwa:
Ama-anticancer agents: Ama-nucleosides ashintshiwe asetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa uchungechunge lwemithi elwa nomdlavuza. Isibonelo, zingahle zenzelwe ukuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA noma ukukhomba amangqamuzana omdlavuza athile.
Ama-antiviral agents: Ama-nucleosides ashintshiwe asetshenziselwa ukudala izidakamizwa ezivimbela amagciwane ezingavimbela ukuphindaphinda kwegciwane. Isibonelo esidume kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwama-nucleosides ashintshiwe emithini yokugomela i-COVID-19 mRNA.
Ama-antibacterial agents: Ama-nucleoside ashintshiwe nawo abonise isithembiso ekuthuthukisweni kwama-antibiotic amasha.
Ubunjiniyela bezofuzo:
Imithi yokugomela i-mRNA: Ama-nucleosides ashintshiwe ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zemithi yokugomela i-mRNA, njengoba engathuthukisa ukuzinza kanye nokuzivikela komzimba kwe-mRNA.
Ama-oligonucleotides e-Antisense: Lawa ma-molecule, aklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa ukulandelana okuqondile kwe-mRNA, angashintshwa ukuze athuthukise ukuzinza nokucaciswa kwawo.
Ukwelapha ngezakhi zofuzo: Ama-nucleoside ashintshiwe angasetshenziswa ukwakha ama-oligonucleotide ashintshiwe ekusetshenzisweni kokwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo, njengokulungisa ukukhubazeka kofuzo.
Amathuluzi okucwaninga:
Ama-Nucleic acid probes: Ama-nucleoside ashintshiwe angafakwa kuma-probe asetshenziswa kumasu afana ne-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-microarray.
Ama-Aptamers: Lawa ma-nucleic acid anomucu owodwa angashintshwa ukuze abophezele kulokho okuhlosiwe, okufana namaprotheni noma ama-molecule amancane, futhi abe nokusebenzisa ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni.
Izinzuzo ze-Modified Nucleosides
Ukuzinza okuthuthukisiwe: Ama-nucleosides ashintshiwe angathuthukisa ukuzinza kwama-nucleic acid, awenze amelane kakhulu nokuwohloka ngama-enzyme.
Ukucaciswa okungeziwe: Ukuguqulwa kungathuthukisa ukucaciswa kokusebenzelana kwe-nucleic acid, okuvumela ukukhomba okunembe kakhudlwana kwama-molecule athile ebhayoloji.
Ukuthatha amaselula okuthuthukisiwe: Ama-nucleoside ashintshiwe angaklanywa ukuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kwawo kwamaselula, akhulise ukusebenza kwawo kahle kwezinhlelo zokwelapha.
Isiphetho
Ama-nucleoside ashintshiwe aye ashintsha imikhakha ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekutholakaleni kwezidakamizwa kuya konjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kanye nekhono lokulungiselelwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kuzenza zibe amathuluzi abalulekile kubacwaningi nakubahlengikazi. Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu kwamakhemikhali e-nucleic acid kuqhubeka kukhula, singalindela ukubona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha kakhulu zama-nucleoside ashintshiwe esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-20-2024